Lesson 51

　　Teaching Aims:

　　A . Words and expressions:

　　shoot, object, plain, apart, storey, create, rot, unpleasant, widespread, a handful of ,

　　tear down, turn away, now that , take possession of , have an effect on.

　　B. Grammar The Subject 句子的成分——主语复习和归纳

　　Step 1 Language study

　　1. a handful of … 一把，一撮；少数（人或物）。例如：

　　The little boy got a handful of rice to feed the chickens.

　　Only a handful of people attended the dance.

　　2. …goods worth about $24 意为“价值约为24美元的货物”。

　　He bought a coat worth over ￥1,000.

　　New York is a city worth a visit/ visiting.

　　The boy who saved the girl from the water was well worth praising.

　　3. It is thought that they arrived more than 30,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge

　　句中的It is thought that… = People think that…

　　此句也可改写成：

　　They are thought to arrive more than 30,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge from Asia to America.如课文中一例：

　　Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred. to have fallen 是不定式的完成式，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

　　I am glad to have met him. He pretended to have read the book.

　　4. From 1830 onwards

　　from …(time) on/ onwards 从……（时候）起。如 from now on/onwards（从现在起），

　　from then on /onwards (从那时起)，from that night on/ onwards（从那夜起）。

　　From 1990 onwards the city began to take on a new look.

　　5. take possession of 夺取，占有。例如：

　　At midnight they crossed the river and took possession of the village.

　　6. have an effect on 对……影响，对……起作用。

　　Scolding has little effect on children.

　　The medicine has no side effects on your body.

　　1. tear: pull sharply apart or to pieces; damage sth. by pulling sharply

　　He tore the curtains apart, but there was no one hiding there.

　　When I arrived there, I found the paper box torn open.

　　Don’t tear down the notice, please. He could not tear himself away from this book.

　　2. apart: away from each other; to or on one side; separate(ly)

　　The two houses stood 500 metres apart. (不用away)

　　Their views are still wide apart. Lily and Lucy are twins. I can hardly tell them apart.

　　The children hardly see anyone, apart from /except their parents.

　　3. go through: suffer or experience something bad, examine carefully

　　They would go through fire and water to serve the people.

　　Please go through the papers carefully.

　　go through with 完成

　　He is determined to go through with the task in spite of all the difficulties.

　　4. turn away: refuse to admit or help

　　Crowds of people were turned away for lack of room.

　　turn down He felt a little hot and turned down his coat collar.

　　He asked Sally to marry him but she turned him down.

　　turn out Our school has turned out some good scholars(学者).

　　The news turned out (to be) true.

　　turn over I have turned over the business deal to my brother.

　　turn to The child turned to his mother for comfort.

　　turn up He promised to come but hasn’t turn up yet.

　　Step II Grammar study “The subject ”

　　句子的主语是一个句子所说明的中心，一般位于句首，可以充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、主语从句以及起名词作用的其他结构。例如：

　　Knowledge is power. Seeing is believing.

　　To get back home seemed impossible for him.=It seemed impossible for him to get back home.

　　Reading newspapers every day helps us to keep up with the world.

　　What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

　　Those injured in the traffic accident were all saved.

　　There is a journalist and writer living in America, whose name is Alex Haley.