关于动词的两种分词的用法比较浅谈  （英语）

在高中英语中，关于动词的两种分词出现的机率较高，学生容易混淆，在高中英语中也是一个难点.针对次种情况在这里我略作浅谈:

现在分词与过去分词虽然语法功能相同(都能作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语),但它们所表达的概念和意义并不一样,现作一下比较:

(1)现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成.

   eg:Anne was staring at the falling leaves,sad (进行)

   eg:The fallen leaves covered the ground.(完成)

(2)心态,情感类动词的现在分词作表语时,主语往往是"物",做定语时,修饰的也是"物"一类的名词.

eg: The news sounds surprising .  eg: He won`t take the tiring work.

修饰人 的神态和内在的感情的名词时,要用过去分词.

eg: His face wore a puzzled expression.

(3)心态,情感类动词的过去分词作表语,主语往往是人,作定语时,修饰的往往也是人一类的名词.

eg: He became interested in social science.

eg: Since he lost the election he`s a disappointed man.

但是如果表示主动,即对别人产生某种影响,仍用现在分词.

eg: Mr.White is frightening.

eg: Lincoln was an inspiring leader.

(4)"名词+分词"结构作定语,相当于一个复合形容词,视情况而定.

eg: Australia is an English-speaking country.

eg: We`ve sent up another man-made satellite.

(5)分词的完成时态用作定语,一般不做定语,表语和补语,作状语时,若表示主动完成,应该用主动语态的完成式,但表被动时,可以用现在分词被动语态的完成式,或过去分词的一般式.

eg: Having fed the chichens, the girl went out to school.

eg: Having been given the wrong address, I failed to find his house.

但如果说明一种事实,或情况的普遍性,应用分词的一般式.

eg: Once seen, it will never be forgotten.

(6)在条件,伴随,方式等状语从句中如果表被动,常用过去分词的一般式.

eg: Given more time, we could do it better.

eg: The old man left home, diasppointed.

(7)分词的逻辑主语应该和整个句子中的主语一致,如果不是这样,一般要用独立主格结构,分词前面的名词(或代词)是它的逻辑主语,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词.

eg: A stone lying on the road,the car stopped.

eg: With the tree growing tall,we got more shade.

eg: The key lost,he had to stay outside.