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散文教学有两个层面。其一，是技术层面。其二是人格教育的层面或称之为精神层面。把握好这两个层面，就能举重若轻，真正达到散文教学的目的。
散文教学的技术层面是指在散文教学中对散文的结构、语言和作者情感的分析，我们常说的结构美、语言美、意境美等都是属于这个层面。在技术层面上还常把散文分为叙事散文、议论散文、抒情散文，我们在教学过程中根据不同的表达方式去理解文章。如朱自清先生的散文《荷塘月色》，我们根据表达方式理解其为抒情散文。因此在分析中侧重分析其情感，诸如当时的社会背景等，以达到让学生理解当时作者的心情的目的。同时作为一篇优美的散文，我们还要去分析作者的写作艺术，总之，通过对作品分析提高学生的阅读能力和写作能力。
第一个层面是我们教学中必须面对的，也是教学中做的较好的。教材和教参为我们提供了大量的参考资料，帮助我们去把握教材，把握教学的重点与难点。为了达到要求，还有考试等手段来检测。的确，这种方法使散文教学能使我们的教学落到实处。经过中学阶段的学习，学生对课本和读本上的数百篇优秀散文作品烂熟于心。通过学习语言艺术大师们创作的作品，通过经有大师们艺术提炼的语言，学生们认识到了中华民族美好的情操，同时达到了文化积淀的目的。
然而，我认为我们的散文教学只不能停留在这一层面上。还要上升到第二个层面，即精神层面。
中国文化渊源流长，儒家文化始终贯穿于知识分子的心中，“达则兼济天下，穷则独善其身”。同时佛道思想也影响着中国知识分子，如苏轼、王维等。今天，传统文化的影响着我们，影响着我们的道德、思想、行为。既然人文传统这条河流在我们身上静静的流淌着，那么我们就不能忽视我们散文教学中的人格教育的功能。
如何做好这一层面的教学呢？
首先，从文章作者的情感入手，体会作者的情感，感受传统文化，进行人格教育。
我在讲授苏轼的《赤壁赋》和《后赤壁赋》时，联想到苏轼“回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。”词中那种旷达之情，遇挫不缩之勇，那种倔强和乐观的精神令人叹服，令人振奋。
苏轼乐观旷达的胸怀值得我们学习。“乌台诗案”苏轼受到了很大的打击。“不经一事，不长一智”，正是由于人生的沉浮令他成熟了，使他变的更加睿智。回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。他领悟到如果将这样一种旷达移于人生的忧患上，必能安之若素，处变不惊。他将庄子“任天而动”的消极化为一种.人生的积极，正是由于将这样一种毅力使他在今后再次受挫时拥有一份泰然自若的心情。
我们一样要学会宽容，一个胸怀博大的人是不会计较个人得失的，即使环境给了你不公正的待遇，也应该以大业为重。当你学会爱别人时，你也就学会了爱自己。当你学会宽容别人时，你也就学会了面对挫折。给别人以宽容，是一种品质；给自己一份胸怀，是一种精神。
苏轼如果只会接受而不会面对，必会在苦海中挣扎一生，这样也就不会有“人生如梦”的感叹了；也就不会有枯木怪石图中的苍劲之风。
苏轼，就是一位百姓的朋友，一位瑜珈修行者，一位伟大人道主义者，一位经历坎坷的坚强者！
通过学习探讨，苏轼的散文给学生带来了新的感受。
其次，应抓住作家的人格的复杂性来帮助学生形成良好的人格。
我在讲授《荷塘月色》时就从两方面着手，“求真”“探美”。求真，是体会作者情感，通过文章对学生进行人格教育。我对高中所有文学作品教学设计差不多都是首先从这方面着手，因为我认为文学的学习就是要教学生学做人，培养美好情感。文学史上对这篇文章的解读也是不同的。对其“不平静”的理解也是各种各样，甚至从“性压抑”角度去解读。但不管怎样，我觉得如果抛弃了作者的情感去讲这篇文章，都没意义。我引导学生联系作者性格和当时社会背景体会作者情感，讨论主要得出几个结论：
1、两种道路间艰难抉择。
2、两种思想间痛苦挣扎。
3、传统知识分子中庸思想的外现。“我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。”
4、其实此时朱自清家庭生活也很累，生活负担很重，设身处地为他想想，初到清华，一切刚刚开始，有这种情绪也在所难免。
……
同学们课下读《朱自清传》得出了很多观点，写成了小论文。在学习的过程中，学生不断地去探索求真，使自己人格受到陶冶。
第三，抓住文学发展的历史，体会中国知识分子心理历程。
今天，中国知识分子的人格依然与传统有着千丝万缕的联系，传统在我们身上印上了深深的烙印，这里有优点也有缺点。如何正确去面对？新编语文教材按编年来安排古代散文单元，为我们语文课堂人格教育的开展提供了良好的契机。沿着历史的轨迹，我们小心探索着中国知识分子的心路历程，抚摩着身上留下的历史的烙印。
一个民族的伟大思想家、文学家、圣人，那都是历史自然筛选的结果，反过来影响无数中国人。
揣摩每位作家的心理，在历史长河中去考察其心理，才能正确认识自己，认识社会，认识他人。在这种思考中，学生也将走向成熟。
当然，关于知识分子的研究在今天的中国仍然还只是一个开始，那将是一个没有句号的探讨。知识分子永远是最不安分的，总是不愿被某个固定的模式禁锢，即使他们已被定位在社会体制的某一环节上，仍然没有安身立命之感，总是要不断地寻求着突破与更合理的归宿。在灵魂深处，他们总是漂浮的，自由地漂浮着。传统知识分子死亡了，但知识分子的精神却是不死的，只要这种自由的、批判的、超越的精神不死，知识分子就将获得永恒，尽管其存在方式会一代一代地发生蜕变。对于学生的教育，不可能要他们象大学学者那样去考证去思考，但我们要去培养学生一种思考的习惯，一种求实求真的精神，让它渗透到学生的内心中去，培养新一代具有人文精神的知识分子。
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