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教学目标
(1)掌握一元二次不等式的解法;
(2)知道一元二次不等式可以转化为一元一次不等式组;
(3)了解简单的分式不等式的解法;
(4)能利用二次函数与一元二次方程来求解一元二次不等式,理解它们三者之间的内在联系;
(5)能够进行较简单的分类讨论,借助于数轴的直观,求解简单的含字母的一元二次不等式;
(6)通过利用二次函数的图象来求解一元二次不等式的解集,培养学生的数形结合的数学思想;
(7)通过研究函数、方程与不等式之间的内在联系,使学生认识到事物是相互联系、相互转化的,树立辨证的世界观.
教学重点:一元二次不等式的解法;
教学难点:弄清一元二次不等式与一元二次方程、二次函数的关系.
教与学过程设计
第一课时
Ⅰ.设置情境
问题:
①解方程
②作函数 的图像
③解不等式
【置疑】在解决上述三问题的基础上分析,一元一次函数、一元一次方程、一元一次不等式之间的关系。能通过观察一次函数的图像求得一元一次不等式的解集吗?
【回答】函数图像与x轴的交点横坐标为方程的根,不等式 的解集为函数图像落在x轴上方部分对应的横坐标。能。
通过多媒体或其他载体给出下列表格。扼要讲解怎样通过观察一次函数的图像求得一元一次不等式的解集。注意色彩或彩色粉笔的运用
在这里我们发现一元一次方程,一次不等式与一次函数三者之间有着密切的联系。利用这种联系(集中反映在相应一次函数的图像上!)我们可以快速准确地求出一元一次不等式的解集,类似地,我们能不能将现在要求解的一元二次不等式与二次函数联系起来讨论找到其求解方法呢?
Ⅱ.探索与研究
我们现在就结合不等式 的求解来试一试。(师生共同活动用“特殊点法”而非课本上的“列表描点”的方法作出
的图像,然后请一位程度中下的同学写出相应一元二次方程及一元二次不等式的解集。)
【答】方程 的解集为
不等式 的解集为
【置疑】哪位同学还能写出 的解法?(请一程度差的同学回答)
【答】不等式 的解集为
我们通过二次函数 的图像,不仅求得了开始上课时我们还不知如何求解的那个第(5)小题
的解集,还求出了
的解集,可见利用二次函数的图像来解一元二次不等式是个十分有效的方法。
下面我们再对一般的一元二次不等式 与
来进行讨论。为简便起见,暂只考虑
的情形。请同学们思考下列问题:
如果相应的一元二次方程 分别有两实根、惟一实根,无实根的话,其对应的二次函数
的图像与x轴的位置关系如何?(提问程度较好的学生)
【答】二次函数 的图像开口向上且分别与x轴交于两点,一点及无交点。
现在请同学们观察表中的二次函数图,并写出相应一元二次不等式的解集。(通过多媒体或其他载体给出以下表格)
【答】 的解集依次是
的解集依次是
它是我们今后求解一元二次不等式的主要工具。应尽快将表中的结果记住。其关键就是抓住相应二次函数 的图像。
课本第19页上的例1.例2.例3.它们均是求解二次项系数 的一元二次不等式,却都没有给出相应二次函数的图像。其解答过程虽很简练,却不太直观。现在我们在课本预留的位置上分别给它们补上相应二次函数图像。
(教师巡视,重点关注程度稍差的同学。)
Ⅲ.演练反馈
1.解下列不等式:
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
2.若代数式 的值恒取非负实数,则实数x的取值范围是 。
3.解不等式
(1) (2)
参考答案:
1.(1) ;(2)
;(3)
;(4)R
2.
3.(1)
(2)当 或
时,
,当
时,
当 或
时,
。
Ⅳ.总结提炼
这节课我们学习了二次项系数 的一元二次不等式的解法,其关键是抓住相应二次函数的图像与x轴的交点,再对照课本第39页上表格中的结论给出所求一元二次不等式的解集。
(五)、课时作业
(P20.练习等3、4两题)
(六)、板书设计
此文章共有2页 第 1 2 页
评论人 | 评论内容 | 评论时间 | 打分 |
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